{"id":2440,"date":"2011-02-23T05:21:53","date_gmt":"2011-02-23T13:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?p=2440"},"modified":"2021-10-28T12:01:13","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T16:01:13","slug":"dimensioning-feature-patterns-on-drawings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?p=2440","title":{"rendered":"How to dimension feature patterns on drawings"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"seriesmeta\">This entry is part 3 of 8 in the series <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?series=dimensions-and-tolerances\" class=\"series-1594\" title=\"Dimensions and Tolerances\">Dimensions and Tolerances<\/a><\/div><p><a title=\"Non-accumulative tolerance\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?p=2431\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A couple of days ago<\/a>, I briefly covered the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?series=mythical-specifications\">mythical specification<\/a> &#8220;non-accumulative tolerance&#8221; (or &#8220;non-cumulative&#8221;) as it is often applied to direct dimensions on feature patterns. \u00a0See the example in Figure 1 where the dimensional callout\u00a0attempts to simply dimension a pattern without considering tolerance stack-up.\u00a0 However, this attempt fails since\u00a0any two non-adjecent holes cannot\u00a0avoid accumulation of tolerance due to the dimensioning scheme. \u00a0The problem gets worse if three or more positions within the patten are compared to each other.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2441\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2441\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim11.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2441\" title=\"Non-accumulative tolerance dimension on a pattern\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim11.jpg?resize=600%2C192\" alt=\"Non-accumulative tolerance dimension on a pattern\" width=\"600\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim11.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim11.jpg?resize=300%2C96&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2441\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>ASME repetitive feature dimensioning scheme<\/h4>\n<p>ASME Y14.5-2009 actually provides a linear method to detail feature patterns, called <em>repetitive features and dimensions<\/em>. \u00a0See Figure 2. Unfortunately, the standard does not provide any tolerance rules for its prescribed scheme. Presumably, this leads us to interpret a repetitive feature dimension as though it is shorthand for <em>chain dimensioning<\/em>. \u00a0Chain dimensioning accumulates tolerance as the pattern departs from the dimensioned start position. \u00a0Sometimes this is OK, but often this is unacceptable since the accumulation of tolerance can quickly lead to features that do not align to mating features on other components.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2445\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2445\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim2.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2445 \" style=\"margin: 2px;\" title=\"Repetitive pattern dimensioning in ASME\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim2.jpg?resize=600%2C216\" alt=\"Figure 2\" width=\"600\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim2.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim2.jpg?resize=300%2C108&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2445\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Disorganized direct dimensions<\/h4>\n<p>Another dimensioning scheme that I&#8217;ve seen involves a complete disregard for the fact that a pattern exists. \u00a0See Figure 3. \u00a0Directly dimensioning each of the positions within the pattern to each other may be acceptable in some scenarios, but likely isn&#8217;t a very clear choice for larger feature patterns. \u00a0The problem with this scheme is that it can be very difficult to determine the true accumulation of the\u00a0tolerance stack-up. \u00a0It may also be difficult to determine design intent.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2453\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2453\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim3.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2453 \" style=\"margin: 2px;\" title=\"Directly dimensioned feature pattern\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim3.jpg?resize=600%2C288\" alt=\"Figure 3\" width=\"600\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim3.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim3.jpg?resize=300%2C144&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2453\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Baseline dimension scheme<\/h4>\n<p>To avoid the issues associated with\u00a0other direct dimensioning schemes, one may choose to use baseline dimensioning, which may also be called <em>rectangular coordinate dimensioning<\/em> in some scenarios. \u00a0The advantage of a baseline dimension scheme is that it limits the accumulation of tolerances to the stake-up from just two dimensions. \u00a0This is because the total stack-up between any two positions within the feature pattern are related through a common baseline. \u00a0The problem with baseline dimensioning is obvious in Figure 4; its take up a lot of space on the drawing.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2457\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2457\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim6.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2457 \" style=\"margin: 2px;\" title=\"Baseline dimensioning scheme\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim6.jpg?resize=600%2C336\" alt=\"Figure 4\" width=\"600\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim6.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim6.jpg?resize=300%2C168&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2457\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Ordinate dimensioning<\/h4>\n<p>A common alternative to baseline dimensioning is ordinate dimensioning, also known as <em>rectangular coordinate dimensioning without dimension lines<\/em>. \u00a0This scheme also relies on a baseline, referred to as zero (0), from which all of the features are dimensioned. \u00a0The advantage of ordinate dimensioning is that it takes up far less space on a drawing, as shown in Figure 5.\u00a0\u00a0Tolerance stack-up is\u00a0limited to just two dimensions between any two positions within the pattern.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2462\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2462\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim4.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2462 \" style=\"margin: 2px;\" title=\"Coordinate dimension scheme, aka ordinate dimensions\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim4.jpg?resize=600%2C192\" alt=\"Figure 5\" width=\"600\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim4.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim4.jpg?resize=300%2C96&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2462\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4>Using GD&amp;T for best results<\/h4>\n<p>The best way to avoid accumulation of tolerances is to use a methodology that does not rely on any form of direct dimensions. \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/codes-standards\/find-codes-standards\/y14-5-dimensioning-tolerancing\">ASME Y14.5<\/a> actually suggests that GD&amp;T should be used instead of direct dimensions to locate features. \u00a0I have discovered the hard way that many individuals in the engineering field have an irrational fear of GD&amp;T. \u00a0Even still, GD&amp;T provides a far superior method for the location of positions within a feature pattern. The example in Figure 6 shows a less cluttered drawing. \u00a0With the addition of MMC to the feature control frame, this method could provide even better results since it would make use of <em>bonus tolerance<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0The position of each feature within the pattern has an optimal tolerance zone that more closely matches design intent. \u00a0One more added benefit is that all features controlled by a single feature control frame are automatically considered as a pattern.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2471\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2471\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim71.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2471\" style=\"margin: 2px;\" title=\"Using GD&amp;T to locate features\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim71.jpg?resize=600%2C288\" alt=\"Using GD&amp;T to locate features\" width=\"600\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim71.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/02\/PatternDim71.jpg?resize=300%2C144&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2471\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Since the tolerance zone is optimized, using GD&amp;T may help reduce costs by allowing the manufacturing process to vary in a way that is more in line with design intent. \u00a0In turn, this can reduce the number of unnecessary part rejections.<\/p>\n<h4>Conclusion<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">When detailing feature patterns, one may wish to avoid the use of direct dimensioning methods or shortcuts like the mythical &#8220;non-accumulative tolerance&#8221;. \u00a0The best choice to detail a feature pattern is GD&amp;T. \u00a0However, if GD&amp;T is not desired, the next best method is <a title=\"Define prolly\" href=\"http:\/\/www.urbandictionary.com\/define.php?term=Prolly&amp;defid=4538366\">prolly <\/a>an ordinate dimension scheme.\u00a0 It should be noted that for\u00a0each of the dimensioning and tolerancing schemes shown within this article, there are a variety of ways to implement them.\u00a0 This article is meant to present general examples.\u00a0 Actual tolerancing requirements are guided by design intent and other considerations per individual cases.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A couple of days ago, I briefly covered the mythical specification &#8220;non-accumulative tolerance&#8221; (or &#8220;non-cumulative&#8221;) as it is often applied to direct dimensions on feature patterns. \u00a0See the example in Figure 1 where the dimensional callout\u00a0attempts to simply dimension a pattern without considering tolerance stack-up.\u00a0 However, this attempt fails since\u00a0any two non-adjecent holes cannot\u00a0avoid accumulation &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcsuper.com\/swblog\/?p=2440\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;How to dimension feature patterns on drawings&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[69,16],"tags":[1250,596,1247,33,1248,1251,1249,633],"series":[1594],"class_list":["post-2440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asme-standards","category-drawing","tag-baseline","tag-dimensioning","tag-feature-pattern","tag-gdt","tag-non-accumulative","tag-ordinate","tag-repetitive-feature","tag-tolerancing","series-dimensions-and-tolerances"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to dimension feature patterns on drawings - SolidWorks Legion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There&#039;s good, bad and so-so methods for adding a dimension and tolerancing schemes to patterns on drawings. 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